The Principles Of Successful Interventions - 2248 Words

As a parent of a child with dyslexia and a tutor of other kids who struggle to read, I have taught them how to read, yet, I have always wondered how ‘normal’ kids learned to read. My oldest daughter became a reader at the age of four, so, you could say that both of my children were abnormal readers. This course has made the process of learning to read so much clear to me and answered many questions I have had as well as confirmed some of the ‘gut’ feelings I have has as I strive to ease the difficulty of reading for those who struggle. As I explore the various topics covered in this class, I will also reflect on the many ‘aha’ moments and on those that left me feeling empowered. The Principles of Successful Interventions is a comprehensive list of what is necessary to ensure that your interventions will result in improved reading skills for your students. I can envision using these principles as a primary guide to planning instruction. By changing them to questions, they become a litmus test for my lesson plans and individual education plans. As in instructor or member of an IEP team, I can ask â€Å"Are we setting high expectations?† â€Å"Are we reading and writing for meaning?† â€Å"Am I providing a consistent lesson structure?† All of these principles as questions really emphasize their meaning and shift my thinking to an evaluative mindset of the quality of instruction I am providing. Students struggle with reading for many reasons. The causes include emotionalShow MoreRelatedKey Principles For Successful Sm Interventions953 Words   |  4 PagesKey principles to successful sm interventions start off with clear behavioural goals, and theory such as gain frame, exchange theory and TPB. Participants must be well segmented from gender, age through to values and psychosocial behavioural norms. When working within a community context, a practitioner will face more than one aspect in order to prevent negative behavioural norms. For example it is possible that one intervention will tackle barriers to do with the environment, public policy, medicalRead MoreThe Principles Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1276 Words   |  6 PagesPerspective on Treatment Beck et al (1985) states that there are 10 principles of cognitive behavioral therapy. These principles are the foundation of the therapy. The principles discuss how the cognitive model is used as a basis for interventions. The principles go on to demonstrate that cognitive therapy is a brief intervention. Since the therapy is so brief it is important to stay on task in the therapeutic work being done. Since cognitive behavioral therapy is also time limited it needs to beRead MoreEstablishing Successful Re-Entry Programs for Ex-Convicts1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthey are incarcerated, albeit many return not able to reintegrate back into their surrounding communities. One way to establish successful offender re-integration is through successful reentry programs. This reason among others is why it is so important that we continue to facilitate correctional programs that increase the margin of public safety through the successful rehabilitation of offenders. Reentry programs are very promising for communities for a plethora of reasons. First, they provideRead MoreThe Failure Of Sanitation Intervention1260 Words   |  6 Pagesa. Diffusion of Innovation is explanatory to the failure of sanitation intervention in Peru. Innovation refers to an idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. In this case, the innovation is the idea of sanitation which is perceived as new by this specific population. There are five characteristics of the innovation: Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Complexity, Trialability and Observability. Sanitation is obviously better than non-sanitationRead MoreImplementation Of A Transitional Care Program Evaluation1405 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals’ transitions and addresses the barriers to and principles of successful transitional outcomes (Meleis, 2010). The theory is both descriptive and predictive, it can be used to further describe and define the problem of poor transitions and its barriers as well as identify outcomes that signal successful interventions in individuals (Meleis, Sawyer, Im, Messias, Schumacher, 2000). The indicators of successful interventions as defined by Transitions Theory can guide the selection ofRead MoreHumanitarian Intervention At The 2005 World Summit1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe principle of humanitarian intervention and the responsibility to protect is rooted in the belief that ought to fulfill certain stan dards of protection for its own citizens. When that standard is not met or the government itself poses a threat to its own people, foreign nations have a right and obligation to protect those citizens from crimes against humanity. This idea arose in the 1990s (which would later be known as the decade of humanitarian intervention) when the US was leading several humanitarianRead MoreHow Behavioral Treatments Are Based On Basic Principles And Research1476 Words   |  6 Pagesanalytic treatments are substantially successful (Matson LoVullo, 2008). This essay aims to discuss how behavioural treatments are based on basic principles/research and review how practitioners use these principles to treat SIB. Basic Principles/Research as a Basis of Treatment The behavioural understanding and treatment of SIB is rooted in the experimental analysis of behaviour. Prior to behavioural intervention, treatment attempts of SIB were resilient to intervention (Barnard, Christophersen, WolfRead MoreNato State Practice Of Libya947 Words   |  4 Pagesthe UN Security Council. NATO’s intervention came in the form of an air campaign—the so-called operation â€Å"Unified Protector†--which targeted Libyan air defense capabilities, government facilities, military facilities, and military troop formations on the ground without contemplating a follow-on ground campaign. Unlike the NATO intervention in Kosovo, the Libya air campaign did not on its face violate NATO’s charter, at least to the extent that the intervention was consistent with the UN SecurityRead More Verbal Behavior Essay834 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage development theory was not accepted in the academic community or applied frequently in research until the 1990s (Sundberg, Michael, 2001), Skinners verbal behavior theory successfully defines verbal operants relevant to the basic behavioral principles. This essay will show that the main implication to the development of this theory is the severe criticism of Skinners theory as unsound and consisted of plagiarized traditional ideas. Despite the criticism against Skinners theory, it is questionableRead MoreEarly Intensive Behavior Intervention ( Eibi ) Based On Applied Behavior Analysis Principles898 Words   |  4 PagesEarly Intensive Behaviour Intervention (EIBI) based on Applied Behaviour Analysis principles. EIBI is considered to be an effective intervention for young children with autism (Eikeseth, 2009; Eldevik et al., 2009; Eldevik, Hastings, Jahr, and Hughes, 2012; Grindle et al., 2012; Grindle, Kovshoff, Hastings, Remington, 2009; Lovaas et al., 1987; Perry et al., 2008; Reichow, Barton, Boyd and Hume, 2012). Positive analytic procedures based on Applied Behaviour Analysis principles are used in EIBI to establish

Book Report People Over Profit - 2582 Words

Romaine D. Nuyda 4 TE-2 Book Report: PEOPLE OVER PROFIT By Dale Partridge A. INTRODUCTION Dale Partridge’s book had a quote from George Orwell, â€Å"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act.† This statement says a lot about how the book sees our current business practices, acknowledges it, and gives us a few tips as to why valuing people over profit results to real entrepreneurial success. Partridge started with a short story of how his visit to the physician made him realize the unethical practices in most, if not all, businesses today. He was asked to wait for his physician for more than an hour, but was surprised when the actual consultation lasted only 3 minutes tops. He felt as is his time was completely disregarded and was dishonored as he look at the numerous people still waiting outside for a 3-minute talk. This reflects the state most of our industries are in today. Those who tend to lower product or service quality to maximize their profits, without considering their customers. He saw an opportunity for â€Å"Social Good Movement† or â€Å"Conscious Capitalism† where customers pay more for more ethical standards and better quality products or services. Some of these SGM or Conscious Capitalism companies include Trader Joe’s, Ben Jerry’s, Whole Foods and TOMS. Inspired by these, Partridge started his own social enterprise, Sevenly. His company focuses on selling quality goods, and for every purchase he donates seven dollars to theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Central Asia Institute Three Cups Of Tea Scandal1713 Words   |  7 Pagesmade many people contributing towards the organization question the world influences and efforts of the institute. â€Å"Three Cups of Tea† the non-fiction book co-written by David Oliver Relin and Mortenson, propelled the non-profit forward into shocking success as it lingered on the New York Times bestseller list for four years straight. The supposed true story of Mortenson’s lif e changing trip to a mountainous region in the Middle East created a published story that â€Å"motivated millions of people to buyRead MoreThe And Its Visionary Jeff Bezos1652 Words   |  7 PagesAmazon.com and its visionary Jeff Bezos, the company financials outcomes over the years, the risk or uncertainty in its, government regulations that affect Amazon’s processes. The efforts used in the production function of the company, the innovation strategies and challenges in safeguarding these ideas along with the new technology tactics that Amazon has introduced into the markets, the increase or decrease of its product prices over time and the reason for the fluctuation. A brief analysis of the company’sRead MoreThe Focus Of This Assignment Is To Understand Accounting1070 Words   |  5 Pagesverifying, summarizing, interpreting and communicating financial information. Accounting reveals profit or loss, and the value and nature of a firm s assets, liabilities and owners equity at a given period of time. There are two methods of accounting, accruals accounting and cash accounting. Cash accounting reports income and expenses in the year they are received and paid. Accruals accounting reports income and expenses in the year they are earned and incurred. Accounting activities are carriedRead MoreAmazon in the Year 2000918 Words   |  4 PagesBowen March 14th, 2011 Long Term Viability of Amazon Amazon had a significant vision in terms of its long-term viability. This vision consisted of many strategies that allowed them to operate efficiently and effectively. Amazon primarily raised profits by the means of developing strong brand equity on a global scale, developing direct relationship with wholesalers allowing them to reduce inventory shipping/holding costs supported by an excellent logistic system, which permitted them to deliver anyRead MoreTesco PLC: A Business Overview1473 Words   |  6 Pageswas founded by john Edward cohen in 1924. Tesco has been leading the UK market over the decade with continuous growth in profit and sales. In 2011 Tesco Plc achieved 5.5% higher sales than 2010. In 2011 Tesco achieved  £ 44.6 billion sales and  £ 2.5 billion trading profit in UK market. The sales growth of Tesco for UK market is 9.5%, 4.2% and 5.5% in 2009, 2010 and 2011 consecutively. The growth rate for trading profit is 4.1%, 8.9% and 11.3% in these 3 years. Capital providers are enjoying this superRead MoreExamples of Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling711 Words   |  3 PagesPart One: Planning FedEx (2011) Behind the scenes look at FedEx distribution and sorting process in Memphis. (3:20) BMWs Aging Assembly Line Runs Like New (2010) Richard Roth reports on BMWs work force that is not only getting older but is also getting better with a little help from some innovative footwear. (4:20) Donuts To Dollars (2009) Segment covers the expansion of Tim Hortons to the U.S. market and the challenges of a Canadian company entering the market with a focus on the competitionRead MoreLadbrokes Business Model1607 Words   |  7 Pagesshops and casino games. Their turnover in 2009 was estimated at over  £1032.2 million, and remains today one of the market leaders for gambling services in the UK. Ladbrokes focus mainly on online and in-store sports betting. They operate odds on over 30 sports, along with many other entertainment sectors such as reality TV show betting and tailored bets (e.g. dates of death, due dates for babies etc). In 2009, this accounted for over  £656.7 million in the UK market alone and is the largest sourceRead MoreMarketing Plan For Amazon s Marketing Strategy1636 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessfully create and present a marketing campaign for Amazon. According to Amazon (n.d.), most people do not realize that Amazon, one of the world’s leading online retailers, was founded 20 years ago in 1994. Most people believe that Amazon had success since day one, but in fact the company has overcome many bumps in the road to reach the success it is at now. In the beginning, Amazon focused on selling books, but now the company sells a wide range of products from food to electronics. This paper willRead MoreCadbury Pestle Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesWhat are Cadbury nestle ? (slide one) Pestle/external analysis of the nestle and Cadbury (definition of a pestle from book) Political * Taxes could increase which in theory would lead to sales decreasing and profit therefore decreasing but as chocolate is such a small purchase this is unlikely * Government are always pushing for a healthier Briton as obesity is a massive cost on the NHS this would theoretically drive down sales * Food labelling and international trade laws theseRead MoreEnvironmental Factors and Marketing1323 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking marketing decisions. Introduction Wal-Mart operates over 6,100 stores worldwide, employs 1.8 million associates, and operates in 15 different countries (Annual Report, 2006, p. 12). Lee Scott, Chairman and CEO stated, Today, we find ourselves operating 2,285 international stores, buying products from 70 countries, and doing 20% of our business abroad. Wal-Mart s marketplace is clearly the world (Annual Report, 2006, p. 13). Wal-Mart stores are primarily service providers that

Law Assignment Companies and Securities Law

Question: Law assignment Casestudy: Advisory on breach of directors duty under Corporation act 2001 and General Law. Answer: Facts: Chaser Ltd is a company which deals in the business of wine bottling. Anthony, Ben, Catherine and Daniel are the directors of Chaser Ltd. Competition for the Chaser Ltd has become stiff, especially in Asia due to downturn in economy and the entry of new countries in the wine market. Directors of Chaser Ltd feel a need to invest in other business opportunities. Anthony meets Wayne, his old friend who works for a Green Energy Company in Norway which specializes in Tidal Energy. Tidal energy is a new form of energy which is becoming popular in Europe and Atlantic coast of the USA. None of the Energy companies in Australia used this form of Energy. Anthony invites Wayne, who has formed a company Westpool Pty. Ltd. That makes tidal stream generators come and speak to all the Directors of Chaser Ltd at their next meeting for thirty minutes. Wayne at the meeting shows the directors of Chaser Ltd the 3D pictures of steam generators that his company makes. After Wayne leaves all the Directors feel that it can be a profitable business for the company and without much discussion they all agree to invest $20 Million into this venture and give the sole contract to supply Tidal steam generators to Westpool Pty. Ltd. Three months later the new business of Chaser Ltd is a disaster as they discovered that Australian Waters is not suitable for Tidal energy mainly due to the Great Barrier Reef. The Directors of Chaser Ltd later discovered that Wayne was not an expert in tidal energy and held an insignificant position in company in Norway. Directors of Chaser Ltd were surprised to know that Anthony was the major shareholder of Westpool Pty. Relevant Laws: Duties of Directors under Corporations Act 2001: Section 180 of the Corporations Act 2001 requires that a Director of the company shall exercise his powers and discharge his duties with care and diligence. (Harding, D. 2001) This duty is subject to a Business judgment rule under section 180(2) of the Corporations Act 2001 by which it is required that a director should make a business judgment to (a) makes the judgment in good faith and a reasonable purpose (b) that the director himself has no personal interest in the subject matter of the judgment (c) he shall believe the judgment to be in interest of the company (d) the director will inform themselves about the subject matter to the extent, which reasonably is believed to be appropriate. (Bostock, 2012) General Duties: The duties of the Directors often fall into the following categories The duty of the Director to act Bonafide in the interests of the company as a whole. Director to exercise his powers for the purpose for which they are conferred and not for any other purpose which is improper. Not to restrict the existence of powers of director in the future. The director is to avoid being in a position of conflict or interest. (Sealy, L. 1987). Fiduciary Duties: The Directors also have some fiduciary Duties. The Fiduciary duties of the Directors of the company are That the directors shall not improperly use their position to Gain an undue advantage for either themselves or someone else. Do an act which shall cause detriment to the company (Emerson, n.d.) That the Director must not use the information which he has got due to their position to gain an advantage for someone or for himself. (Warburton, A.J. 2011) The director must notify other directors or officials of the company of a material personal interest if and when a conflict takes place. A material personal interest is a matter which relates to the affairs of the company. (Day, 2009) If a director of the company breaches any of the duties conferred on him as a director then he shall be liable for the civil penalties. It is the general rule of Equity that the director must not let his personal interests and company duties conflict with each other. Section 191 (1) provides that a director is under a duty to notify other directors where he has a personal material interest in any conflict. In every case where a director has a personal material interest in a transaction he has a duty to declare that at a meeting of directors. A notice must be given by the director to the board of directors, which shall declare and include About the nature and extent of the interest of the director and The relation of the interest to the business of the company. This notice is to be given by the director as soon as it is possible after he has the knowledge of his interest involved. Material or Personal interest: Section 195 (1) of the corporations Act 2001 provides that a director of a company who has any material or personal interest in a matter that is being discussed at a meeting of directors must not vote or take part in passing any resolution in relation to the matter and also must not be present while the matter is being discussed. (Dailey, 1955) The corporations Act 2001 (Cth) also provides for criminal offenses when a director has acted recklessly, or is intentionally dishonest in their omission to exercise their powers and duties in good faith and in the best interests of the company. Similarly, criminal offenses are created under section 184 where a director recklessly or with intentionally dishonest or Malafide intentions misuses their position with the company. Section 260 E states that a director shall not be relieved from any of his duties under this act which are included under sections 180, 181, 182, 183 and 184 or the fiduciary duties in relation to a transaction merely on the ground that the transaction is authorized by a provision under this act or the transaction was approved by the members by a resolution. Application of law: In this case where Anthony is a director of Chaser Ltd he has breached the duties of a director. Anthony being a director of the Chaser Ltd conspired with his friend Wayne about whom Anthony had the knowledge that he is not an expert in tidal energy and also that Wayne held an insignificant position in his company in Norway. Anthony breached a duty which is conferred on him being a director of Chaser Ltd under section 180 of the corporations Act 2001 and also breached the business judgment rule. As the business judgment rule provides that a director shall make a judgment in good faith and without holding an interest in the transaction. Anthony had an express interest in the transaction as he was a major shareholder in the company to whom the sole contract to supply the steam generators was given by Chaser Ltd. Anthony also breached the general duties under the corporations Act 2001 as he misguided the other members and directors of the company and exercised his powers in an improper way and with the knowledge that this transaction may result in a conflict between both the companies. Anthony also breached the fiduciary duties of a director towards his company Chaser Ltd as he did not disclose his interest in the transaction with Waynes company Westpool Pty in which he was a major shareholder. Anthony was under a duty under section 191 to notify the other directors in a meeting by way of a notice about the nature and extent of his interest in the transaction. The section 191 (1) clearly provides that where a director has a personal material interest in a transaction he has a duty to declare that at a meeting of directors. A notice must be given by the director to the board of directors. Anthony never disclosed about his interest in the Westpool Pty company which was a sole contractor supplying the steam generators for the new venture of tidal energy by the Chaser Ltd. Further, section 195 (1) of the corporations act 2001 provides duties that the director who has an interest in a transaction cannot participate or vote in passing a resolution about that matter. Whereas, Anthony has an interest in the transaction with the Westpool Pty also participated in, the board meeting rather induced the other board members to pass the resolution. Anthony is also liable for criminal offenses created under section 184 of the act where a director acts dishonestly with intention. Anthony did not disclose the fact of his interest in Westpool Pty by being a major shareholder and thus his deceitful intentions are therefore clear. Conclusion: It is concluded that it is very clear from the facts of the case and the relevant laws that Anthony has breached his duties being a director of the Chaser Ltd. Anthony has used his powers and duties as a director of the company for a personal interest or personal benefit by causing a loss to the Chaser Ltd. Thus it is advised that Anthony has breached his duties as a director. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Harding D. 2001, "Referral of powers paves way for Australia's Corporations Act",International Financial Law Review,vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 57-58. Bostock, T. (2012). The Corporations Act 2001.Ac, 2002 (39). Sealy, L. (1987). CompanyDirectors' Duties and Exempting Articles.The Cambridge Law Journal, 46 (02), p. 217. Emerson, C. (N.d.). Delawarees Public Benefit Corporations: Comparative Analysis and Fiduciary Duties.SSRN Journal. Warburton, A.J. 2011, "Do fiduciary duties matter?",Corporate Governance,vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 541-548. Day, M. (2009). Fiduciary duties.Trusts Trustees, 15(6), pp.447-457. Dailey, R. (1955). Corporations: "Personal Interest" of Directors in Corporate Transactions.Michigan Law Review, 53(3), p.472.

What Is Capital Punishment Essay Example For Students

What Is Capital Punishment Essay After centuries of nearly universal implementation, the death penaltyremains a deeply debated political issue. While one execution takes place, othermurders occur, and the question still stands: Will the death penalty safeguardsociety and deter murder, or will it not? The death penalty cannot be considereda proper economical and moral means of punishment to deter those who mightcommit capital offenses, or can it?In the past, capital punishment horrified people, which deterred themfrom committing crime. In England, the country from which the United Statesadopted the death penalty, the death penalty was imposed for a rather largenumber of offenses in an effort to discourage people from committing crimes. We will write a custom essay on What Is Capital Punishment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Methods of inflicting the death penalty have ranged From stoning in biblicaltimes, crucifixion under the Romans, beheading in France, to those used in theUnited States today: hanging, electrocution, gas chamber, firing squad, andlethal injection(Bedau 124). There were drastic penalties for such seriouscrimes as homicide. Execution was a suitable punishment for those times. Today,though, the law is not as strict. This leads potential criminals not to fear thedeath penalty because government today uses more humane methods of execution,rather than the brutal punishment that history portrayed. People who oppose the death penalty say that there is no evidence thatthe murder rate fluctuates according to the frequency with which the deathpenalty is used (Masur 153). It is more likely that the convict would beparoled instead of being executed because of the present practice of allowingunlimited appeals. Convicted criminals are not exposed to cruel punishment, butrather given a long waiting period. If the criminal is put to death, it isusually done as mercifully as possible. One problem with the death penalty, presently, is that crime is notdecreasing, but rather increasing. If capital punishment is supposed to detercrimes such as murder, it is not serving its purpose. Even philosophers, such asBeccaria, Voltaire, and Bentham of the Enlightenment Period, argued that thedeath penalty was needlessly cruel, overrated as a deterent, and occasionallyimposed in fatal error (Fogelson 89). Another problem with the death penalty is the enormous amount of moneybeing spent on implementation. It costs taxpayers millions of dollars more toexecute a criminal than to lock him up for life. The number of prisoners ondeath row has been steadily increasing and will soon meet all time highs. Thisfact brings up the question of economic feasibility of the implementation, aswell as the question of weather the death penalty is actually an effectivedeterrent to crime. Currently, Texas leads the nation in both death row population and inthe number of executions. Texas has 351 condemned men and 4 women awaitingsentence, and has had 46 executions since 1977. These prisoners spent an averageof eight years on death row and cost Texans an average of 2.3 million dollarsper case (Execution B8). The legal process a condemned prisoner goes throughis very lengthy and costly. A person is only given the death penalty for certain crimes in Texas. Adeath sentence is handed down if a person is convicted of the murder of a policeofficer or fireman, murder during certain felonies, murder for pay or reward,multiple murders, or murder during prison escape. Once a criminal has beensentenced, he or she can appeal the decision. In addition to the courts appeals, the cost of an average of $180,000per case, the $150,000 prison cost also escalates the economic burden to thestate. This cost does not include the $21,000 execution cost or the $19,500needed for extra security (Van den Haag 123). To have a death row prisoner meansthat the state must provide police, fire, and public safety protection. Theyalso require special housing units, extra guards, food, and around-the-clocksecurity (Van den Haag 123). .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 , .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .postImageUrl , .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 , .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7:hover , .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7:visited , .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7:active { border:0!important; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7:active , .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7 .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1fb9275fdebf0549d9502c7b9e43ca7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Matchmaker EssayTo cut down costs, several alternatives to the death penalty have beendiscussed by public officials. One alternative is to sentence criminals to lifeimprison without possibility of parole instead of execution. Although this planwould save millions of dollars, it would create problems in the prison system. The end result would be killing each other and killing prison guards without thethreat of serious consequences (Execution B8). In the following interview with the U.S. Attorney, Demetrius Bevinsaide, some interesting responses were made:Q:What do you think about the death penalty?A:Depending on the circumstances of the crime, on some criminals it shouldbe enforced. On others, they should just get life in prison. Q:What do you think is the best method of execution?A:I think the best method is lethal injection. Is is the most humane, andin my opinion, the least expensive. It involves much less preperation than theelectric chair, and it is safer and cleaner. Q:Do you have any suggestions for alternative solutions to the deathpenalty?A:Yes. Life in prison with absolutely no possibility of parole. The following is an interview with local attorney Chuck Hardy. Q:What do you think about the death penalty?A:I think it serves its purpose. I think it cuts down on crime, and frommy experience with the prisoners I have met, most if not all are scared of thelethal injection method used here in Texas. Q:What is the best method of execution?A:The electric chair. It is scarier than lethal injection because one mustfirst go through intense pain. With the lethal injection, one just goes to sleepand never wakes up. Q:Do you have any suggestions for alternative solutions to the deathpenalty. A:Doing hard time in a maximum security prison and never seeing the lightof day. In legal history there is a tendency to leave cruel executions behindand to humanize capital punishment by the pursuit of technical perfection(Bockle 43). The death penalty is a form of torture trying to be justified withadvanced technology. How does this form of torture differ from the torture thattakes place in Iran, Iraq, Ethiopia, South America, Guatemala, Bangladesh,Afganistan, and even Israel? (Bockle 4). The techniques in those countrieswould certainly be considered to go against human morality, but the end resultis the same, a man dies. In this country, the debate goes on as to weather ornot the death penalty is in fact going against human morality regardless of hoehumanly it is done. Some people turn to the Bible to determine what is right, but the Biblecan be interpreted as arguing either way. The Old Testament can be interpretedas arguing for the death penalty. This interpretation is formulated from thepassage in which God sentences Cain to walk the Earth without food or humancontact. Cain killed his brother Able, and therfore was punished by banishment. This type of punishment would be impossible to impose on an individual at thisday and age. Those for the death penalty justify the use of capital punishmentas a necessary for the preservation of the society of the twentieth century. The same Old Testament can be interpreted as against the death penalty. The quotation, Vengeance said the Lord, is mine, and if anyone kills Cain, itshall be taken on him sevenfold, is most accurately interpreted as anti-deathpenalty (Berns 11). This statement steers society into allowing God to take careof the sinful individual in His own manner. Cain was banished and considered anoutcast just as the prisoner is an outcast from society. Many questions have been raised as to the effectiveness of the deathpenalty, and whether it should still be used today. Everywhere in the UnitedStates the death penalty has been under fire. The awareness of the people andarguments made by lawmakers have led to an anti-death penalty sentiment in theUnited States. Arguments in favor of the death penalty, such as the punishmentfitting the crime and the effectiveness of capital punishment as a deterrentagainst crime, are made. These ideas are the basis for pro-death penalty viewsamong the population and court systems of America. .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 , .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .postImageUrl , .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 , .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5:hover , .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5:visited , .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5:active { border:0!important; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5:active , .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5 .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u254154bafe853a7e4d56683a6be43cb5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: April Fools EssayImportant legal arguments against the death penalty are usually madefrom what is stated in the Constitution. Many people believe that the deathpenalty is unlawful because it violates the cruel and unusual punishment clausesunder the eighth and fourteenth amendments to the Constitution (Punishment 82). Another argument that the abolitionist group make is that the death penaltyviolates the discriminatory clause of the Constitution. Of all executions thattook place in the United States between 1930 and 1966, over half of those whodied were black (Punishment 2). The controversy over capital punishment began in the eighteenth centuryand continues today. Throughout the world innocent people are executed inseveral inhumane forms which the United States should not follow. Today thereexists a raging debate on wether the death penalty is economically, morally, andlegally justifiable, or still just cruel and inhumane. BIBLIOGRAPHYBedau, Hugo Adam. Capital Punishment. Colliers Encyclopedia. 1990. Berns, Walter. For Capital Punishment. New York: Basic Books, 1979. Bockle, Franz, and Jacques Pohier. The Death Penalty and Torture. New York: TheSeabury Press, 1979. Execution Costs an Average $2.3 Million in Texas. San Antonio Light. 9 Mar. 1992, B:8. Fogelson, Robert M. Criminal Justice in America. New York: ARNO Press, 1974. Masur, Louis P. Rites of Execution. New York: Oxford U.P., 1989. Van de Haag, Ernest. Punishment of Criminals. New York: Basic Books, 1975. Category: Law

The eNotes Blog 21 Famous Authors and Their PenNames

21 Famous Authors and Their PenNames For centuries, writers have created pen names to publish their literary works. Adopting a pseudonym grants writers the ability to conceal their true identity for personal, political, and ethical reasons. Some of our literary world’s most beloved, bestselling authors have formulated their entire careers using alternative identities. Female writers, especially during the 19th century, have often used male pen names to combat sexism and prejudice in a traditionally male-dominated craft. Other reasons for using a nom de plume include privacy, avoiding overexposure, crossing into different genres, creating a sense of individuality, and even simplifying one’s birth name in hopes of making it more memorable. Whatever the case may be, choosing a pen name remains a personal choice that ultimately aids writers in their publishing pursuits. Here’s a list of 21 famous writers and their real names you might not have known until now! 1. Anne Rice Real Name: Howard Allen Frances OBrien Originally named after her father, the author of Vampire Chronicles changed her name to â€Å"Anne† upon her first day of school to avoid being bullied. After marrying her now deceased husband Stan Rice, she used her married name to publish the majority of her work. Rice adopted a couple other pen names including Anne Rampling and A.N Roquelaure when she published some erotic novels. 2. Dr. Seuss Real Name: Theodor Seuss Geisel Dr. Seuss, one of the more well-known pen names, was adopted from Geisel’s middle name once he started writing children’s books. He added the â€Å"Dr.† because his father had always wanted him to pursue a career in medicine. Some say that Geisel was saving his real name to one day publish his â€Å"great American novel†;  others suggest that Geisel simply felt more inclined to tell an â€Å"entertaining† story rather than a â€Å"true† one. 3. Mark Twain Real Name: Samuel Clemens While scholars have never been clear about the origin of Clemens’s pseudonym, the most recent investigations suggest that the name Mark Twain came from a short-lived, popular humor journal that he often read. Other stories indicate that Mark Twain had been used by Clemens’s former riverboat captain when he worked on the Mississippi river. If the man checking the depth called out â€Å"mark twain,† it meant a depth of twelve feet- meaning that the water was safe for riverboats that day. 4. Currer, Ellis, Acton Bell Real Names: Charlotte, Emily, Anne Brontà « In 19th-century England, women were not permitted to publish poetry, so the Brontà « sisters created the pen names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Each male pseudonym matched the corresponding sisters’ names, helping them publish their first anthology of poetry in 1846. Initially, Emily’s Wuthering Heights and Charlotte’s Jane Eyre were both published under their male names. It wasn’t until the Brontà « sisters traveled to London to meet their publisher in person were their true identities revealed and, fortunately, they were given the credit they deserved. 5. Boz Real Name: Charles Dickens In the early stages of Dickens’s writing career, the author often published his work anonymously. It was not until one of Dickens’s earliest pieces of fiction titled â€Å"The Boarding House† featured an epithet that was signed by â€Å"The Inimitable Boz.† Boz was originally derived from the nickname Dickens had given his younger brother, Augustus. Dickens would call him Moses after a character in Oliver Goldsmiths The Vicar of Wakefield. Pronounced through the nose, the name became Boses, and was easily shortened to Boz. 6. A.M. Barnard Real Name: Louisa May Alcott Early in her writing career, Alcott used the pen name Flora Fairfield to publish her poems and short stories throughout the 1850s. A decade later, some of Alcott’s melodramas were produced in Boston theatre under the pseudonym, A.M. Barnard. Knowledge of Alcott’s alias did not surface until the 1970s when historians discovered letters from the author signing off with the androgynous pseudonym. Digging deeper, they were able to find other works published by Barnard in various periodicals. 7. C.S. Lewis Real Name: Clive Staple Lewis   Lewis published his first work titled Spirits in Bondage (1919) under the name, Clive Hamilton to avoid ruining his reputation as a tutor at Oxford University. The name was adapted from the author’s birth name and his mother’s maiden name. After Lewis’s wife passed away in 1960, he went on to publish a few more works under the name N.W. Clerk to again avoid being identified as the author. Eventually, Lewis published some of his greatest literary works under his abbreviated birth name. 8. Silence Dogood Real Name: Benjamin Franklin Franklin created several pseudonyms during his lifetime, each one possessing an ironically witty persona. His first pen name was Silence Dogood, a satirical middle-aged widower whom Franklin created when he was only fifteen years old. Some of his other pen names include Caelia Shortface, Martha Careful, Richard Saunders (Poor Richard’s Almanack), Busy Body, Anthony Afterwit, Polly Baker, and Benevolus. Franklin is one of the few male writers to take on a female alias- in fact, he often used his feminine personas to create a social critique of the patriarchy. 9. George Eliot Real Name:   Mary Ann Evans Like the majority of female writers in the 19th century, Mary Ann Evans used a male pseudonym so that her works would be taken more seriously. Her pen name, George Eliot, came around 1857 when Evans published her first short story titled Amos Barton. Evans took the name â€Å"George† from philosopher and her lover  George Henry Lewes to whom she never married but lived with until his death. Lewes oversaw Evans’s work and encouraged her to pursue her literary ambitions. Evans crafted her entire literary career and legacy under her pen name. 10. Lewis Caroll   Real Name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson Author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, Lewis Carroll was the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. As a scholar and instructor at Oxford, Dodgson valued his privacy- especially when it came to his literary works. He translated the first two parts of his name (Charles Lutwidge) into Latin, which gave him â€Å"Carolus Ludovicus.† He then reversed the order and translated the name back to English, which left him withâ€Å"Lewis Carroll.† 11. Mary Westmacott Real Name: Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller Christie Under the pen name Mary Westmacott, Agatha Christie was able to divert from her usual realm of writing mystery and crime novels. The alias allowed Christie to explore writing about human psychology and love without expectations from her already established mystery fan base. Agatha chose her new name by combining her middle name (Mary) and the family name of distant relatives (Westmacott). She successfully used the pseudonym for nearly twenty years without revealing her true identity. 12. Voltaire Real Name: Franà §ois†Marie Arouet With a literary career stretching over 60 years, Voltaire may be one of the most immortal pen names of literature. While the origins of Franà §ois†Marie Arouet’s pen name are unclear, it’s been suggested that the adoption of Voltaire was a result of rejecting Arounet’s family name due to a strained relationship with his father. The most popular theory remains that â€Å"Voltaire† was an anagram of a Latinized spelling of â€Å"Arouet,† but others claim it could have been Arouet’s nickname â€Å"Voluntaire† (French for volunteer), which may have been a sarcastic nod to the writer’s stubbornness. 13. George Orwell   Real Name: Eric Blair Before Animal Farm and 1984, Eric Blair published a memoir titled Down and Out in Paris and London in 1933. He adopted the name George Orwell so his family would not be embarrassed as he recounted his experiences growing up in poverty. Being a fan of English tradition, Blair also felt that Orwell sounded like a reputable British name. 14. Ayn Rand Real Name: Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum Author of bestselling books The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged, Ayn Rand is known for promoting her philosophy of Objectivism. Rand adopted her pen name when she moved to the United States to pursue a writing career. Because her family was still living in Soviet Russia, Rand did not want to risk putting her family in danger with her outspoken, and often critical, works. 15. Pablo Neruda Real Name: Ricardo Eliecer Neftalà ­ Reyes Basoalto A young Neruda adopted his pen name around 1920 when he started writing for the literary journal Selva Austral.† To avoid conflict with his family, who disapproved of his occupation, Neruda crafted his alias from the deceased Czechoslovak poet Jan Neruda. By 1946, Neruda legally changed his name to match and embrace the poetic and politically charged identity he had created for himself over the years. 16. Maya Angelou   Real Name: Marguerite Annie Johnson Now a household name, Maya Angelou was born Marguerite Annie Johnson in 1928. Married briefly to a Greek sailor named Tosh Angelos, the pen name Maya Angelou was created when the writer combined her nickname (Maya) with an alternative version of her ex-husband’s last name. 17. Richard Bachman Real Name: Stephen King The â€Å"King of Horror† has published seven novels under the alias Richard Bachman. Apparently, King came up with the name on a whim while on the phone with his publisher; with a Richard Stark book on his desk and a Bachman–Turner Overdrive song playing in the background, Richard Bachman was born. King concealed his true identity for about five years until a bookstore clerk named Steve Brown determined that the two authors were the same person. Once the secret was out, King retired Richard Bachman, crediting his death to the â€Å"cancer of the pseudonym.† 18. bell hooks Real Name: Gloria Jean Watkins   One of the most prominent feminist voices of our generation, Watkins derived her pen name from her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. Watkins never capitalizes her pen name in order to preserve and honor the memory of her great-grandmother; a women she admired for her sharp opinions. Watkins established a reputation of a woman that â€Å"talked back†, for she was not afraid to speak up against the injustice she experienced in everyday life. She first used her pen name to publish a short book of poetry and made the grammatical decision to never capitalize the name in order to place the focus solely on her writing rather than the person behind it. 19. Lemony Snicket Real Name: Daniel Handler   Lemony Snicket is both the author and the narrator of Handler’s A Series of Unfortunate Events; essentially, Lemony Snicket is Handler’s alter ego. During public appearances, Handler will introduce himself as Snicket’s representative explaining to the audience that the real author could not be in attendance due to some unforeseen disaster. 20. J.K. Rowling Robert Galbrath Real Name: Joanne Rowling   The bestselling author of the Harry Potter series has adopted a few different pen names throughout the course of her career. Originally, publishers feared young boys would not be inclined to read her series once they saw it was published by a female author. Rowling, who has no middle name, took the â€Å"K† from her grandmother’s name, Kathleen. As a dynamic writer, Rowling ventured into writing crime fiction where she adopted the pseudonym Robert Galbraith to release new work without hype or expectation. In fact, no one had any idea Rowling was Galbraith until an investigation into forensic linguistics led by England’s Sunday Times revealed an extremely similar writing style between the author’s works. 21. E.L. James Real Name: Erika Leonard   The British author of the bestselling Fifty Shades of Grey series initially used the pen name â€Å"Snowqueens Icedragon† in an online Twilight fan-fiction forum where she first showcased an early version of Fifty Shades of Grey titled Master of the Universe. Once Leonards works started gaining popularity and she began transitioning to print, she adopted a new pen name that, in her opinion, was a little more professional. E.L. James was derived from Leonard’s family name (James) plus her first and middle initial. Ultimately, Leonard’s use of a pseudonym granted her the ability to keep her success as an erotic romance author separate from her soft-spoken, housewife reality. Choosing a pen name is sometimes more than just a marketing strategy, and there are many ways an author decides on a pen name to embody the essence of their chosen alias. As we’ve seen as well, the majority of writers adapt them from their birth names- using abbreviations, translations from foreign languages, or variations of nicknames- to mark a personal claim on their chosen pseudonym. Regardless of why or how writers choose their noms de plume, there is no right or wrong way to go about it, for the work is bound to speak for itself. There are several pen-name generators sprinkled about the internet that provide witty and humorous suggestions for contemporary writers. Tell us what your pen name would be! Do you want to learn more about these authors and their other literary works? Check out  Ã‚  to find detailed biographies of your favorite authors alongside full summaries and study guides!

The Boston Massacre Hero, Crispus Attucks

The Boston Massacre Hero, Crispus Attucks The first person to die in the Boston Massacre was an African-American sailor named Crispus Attucks. Not much is known about Crispus Attucks prior to his death in 1770, but his actions that day became a source of inspiration for both white and black Americans for years to come. Attucks in Slavery Attucks was born around 1723; his father was an African slave in Boston, and his mother was a Natick Indian. His life up until he was 27 years old is a mystery, but in 1750 Deacon William Brown of Framingham, Mass., placed a notice in the Boston Gazette that his slave, Attucks, had run away. Brown offered a reward of 10 pounds as well as reimbursement for any incurred expenses to anyone who caught Attucks. The Boston Massacre No one captured Attucks, and by 1770 he was working as a sailor on a whaling ship. On March 5, he was having lunch near Boston Common along with other sailors from his ship, waiting for good weather so they could set sail. When he heard a commotion outside, Attucks went to investigate, discovering a crowd of Americans clustered near the British garrison. The crowd had gathered after a barbers apprentice accused a British soldier of not paying for a haircut. The soldier struck the boy in anger, and a number of Bostonians, seeing the incident, gathered and shouted at the soldier. Other British soldiers joined their comrade, and they stood as the crowd grew larger. Attucks joined the crowd. He took leadership of the group, and they followed him to the custom house. There, the American colonists began throwing snowballs at the soldiers guarding the customs house. The accounts of what happened next differed. A witness for the defense testified at the trials of Captain Thomas Preston and eight other British soldiers that Attucks picked up a stick and swung it at the captain and then a second soldier. The defense laid the blame for the actions of the crowd at Attucks feet, painting him as a troublemaker who incited the mob. This may have been an early form of race-baiting as other witnesses refuted this version of events. However much they were provoked, the British soldiers opened fire on the crowd that had gathered, killing Attucks first and then four others. At the trial of Preston and other soldiers, witnesses differed on whether Preston had given the order to fire or whether a lone soldier had discharged his gun, prompting his fellow soldiers to open fire. The Legacy of Attucks Attucks became a hero to the colonials during the American Revolution; they saw him as gallantly standing up to abusive British soldiers. And it is entirely possible that Attucks decided to join the crowd to take a stand against perceived British tyranny. As a sailor in the 1760s, he would have been aware of the British practice of impressing (or forcing) American colonial sailors into the service of the British navy. This practice, among others, exacerbated tensions between v and the British. Attucks also became a hero to African-Americans. In the mid-nineteenth century, African-American Bostonians celebrated Crispus Attucks Day every year on March 5. They created the holiday to remind Americans of Attucks sacrifice after blacks were declared non-citizens in the (1857)Â  Supreme Court decision. In 1888, the city of Boston erected a memorial to Attucks in Boston Common. Attucks was seen as someone who had martyred himself for American independence, even as he himself had been born into the oppressive system of American slavery. Sources Langguth, A. J. Patriots: The Men Who Started the American Revolution. New York: Simon Schuster, 1989.Lanning, Michael Lee. The African-American Soldier: From Crispus Attucks to Colin Powell. Seacus, NJ: Citadel Press, 2004.Thomas, Richard W. Life for Us Is What We Make It: Building Black Community in Detroit, 1915-1945. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992.

Analysis of Guess Whos Coming to Dinner Film Essay

Analysis of Guess Whos Coming to Dinner Film - Essay Example Outside of Dr. John Prentice, Joey constitutes perhaps the most central and important character in the film. Her characterization is such that she is distinct from virtually every other character. Clearly, the most significant difference between Joey’s character and the others is her lack of racial prejudice. Not only is her relationship with John a significant aspect of this theme, but she also demonstrates a professed love for the house-made, Tillie. While one may argue that she shares this trait with John, she is ultimately portrayed as blissfully unaware that others might feel tension at her inter-racial relationship. John even states, â€Å"It’s not that our color difference makes no difference to her, it’s that to her, there is no difference.† At a number of points throughout the film she breaks through this naivetà ©, making a number of subtle and clever comments at the expense of her mother; for instance, when her mother first encounters John, Joe y states that her mother should sit down because of her perceived shock at John being a negro. It is this knowledge that is hidden directly under her bubbly and superficial outward demeanor that is perhaps Joey’s most interesting character element. Another important character element is Joey’s happiness. Her mother makes a speech attesting to her happiness as a youth, which still pales in comparison to her happiness with John. This differentiates her from the other characters, who are depicted as tired and experienced, and also functions to increase audience sympathy for her union with John in the face of her family’s apprehension. Conversely, Dr. John Prentice is characterized throughout the film in a slightly different way than Joey. Perhaps the significant element of his characterization is the frequent reference made to his importance – Joey’s father’s assistant first states this and it is later mentioned by Monsignor Ryan.